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El sensor de aparcamiento
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Introduction
History: how sound learned to measure distance
Lesson 0. Gates from transistors: for those who start from scratch
0.1. The idea: a transistor is a switch
0.2. Building
0.3. Check
Lesson 0 paste (Cmd+I)
Lesson 1. The CD4013 D flip-flop
1.1. Idea: remember at a moment
1.2. Idea: master and slave
1.3. Idea: weak feedback
1.4. Idea: divide by 2
1.5. Build
1.6. Check
Lesson 1 paste (Cmd+I)
Lesson 2. The sweep: CD4017
2.1. Idea: poll in turn
2.2. Idea: the Johnson counter
2.3. Idea: self-correction
2.4. Idea: clock, inhibit and carry
2.5. Build
2.6. Check
Lesson 2 paste (Cmd+I)
Lesson 3. Ultrasound and echo: CD4072
3.1. Idea: an echo is time
3.2. Idea: in turn and through OR
3.3. Idea: a 4-input OR at TI
3.4. Build
3.5. Check
Lesson 3 paste (Cmd+I)
Lesson 4. Centimetres: CD4029
4.1. Idea: centimetres are clocks
4.2. Idea: clear before the ping
4.3. Idea: stop at 99
4.4. Idea: the synchronizer
4.5. Idea: ±1 clock
4.6. Build
4.7. Check
Lesson 4 paste (Cmd+I)
Lesson 5. Zones and bars: CD4585
5.1. Idea: a zone is the tens
5.2. Idea: a comparator, most significant first
5.3. Idea: remember the zone of a sensor
5.4. Build
5.5. Check
Lesson 5 paste (Cmd+I)
Lesson 6. The nearest and the digits. Calibration
6.1. Idea: the minimum of a round
6.2. Idea: a cascade of comparators
6.3. Idea: the digit latch
6.4. Idea: calibration
6.5. Build
6.6. Check
Lesson 6 paste (Cmd+I)
Lesson 7. The buzzer
7.1. Idea: the most dangerous zone
7.2. Idea: a beep is an AND with a generator
7.3. Build
7.4. Check
Lesson 7 paste (Cmd+I)
Summary
All the parts
Instructions in pictures
Lesson 0 in pictures
← Back to the lesson: Lesson 0. Gates from transistors: for those who start from scratch
0
Gates (optional)
NOT, NAND, NOR, AND, OR, XOR from transistors
kh
HT-05
NOT
NAND
NOR
AND
OR
XOR
IN
11×
OUT
6×
P
11×
N
11×
∞
Ctrl
+
G
NOT
NAND
NOR
AND
OR
XOR
© 2026 Daniil Khanin · khanin.info · HT-05
4
NOT
1
IN
1×
OUT
1×
P
1×
N
1×
6×
I0
O0
VCC
O0
G
P
I0
O0
GND
G
N
I0
2
Ctrl
+
G
Library
…
Chip N
2×
Library
…
NOT
Enter
NOT
I0
O0
© 2026 Daniil Khanin · khanin.info · HT-05
5
NAND
3
IN
2×
OUT
1×
P
2×
N
1×
9×
I0
I1
O0
VCC
O0
G
P
I0
VCC
O0
G
P
I1
O0
mid
G
N
I0
4
N
1×
3×
mid
GND
G
N
I1
5
Ctrl
+
G
Library
…
Chip N
2×
Library
…
NAND
Enter
NAND
I0
I1
O0
© 2026 Daniil Khanin · khanin.info · HT-05
6
NOR
6
IN
2×
OUT
1×
P
2×
N
1×
9×
I0
I1
O0
VCC
mid
G
P
I0
mid
O0
G
P
I1
O0
GND
G
N
I0
7
N
1×
3×
O0
GND
G
N
I1
8
Ctrl
+
G
Library
…
Chip N
2×
Library
…
NOR
Enter
NOR
I0
I1
O0
© 2026 Daniil Khanin · khanin.info · HT-05
7
AND
9
IN
2×
OUT
1×
P
2×
N
1×
9×
I0
I1
O0
VCC
n
G
P
I0
VCC
n
G
P
I1
n
mid
G
N
I0
10
N
2×
P
1×
9×
mid
GND
G
N
I1
VCC
O0
G
P
n
O0
GND
G
N
n
11
Ctrl
+
G
Library
…
Chip N
2×
Library
…
AND
Enter
AND
I0
I1
O0
© 2026 Daniil Khanin · khanin.info · HT-05
8
OR
12
IN
2×
OUT
1×
P
2×
N
1×
9×
I0
I1
O0
VCC
mid
G
P
I0
mid
n
G
P
I1
n
GND
G
N
I0
13
N
2×
P
1×
9×
n
GND
G
N
I1
VCC
O0
G
P
n
O0
GND
G
N
n
14
Ctrl
+
G
Library
…
Chip N
2×
Library
…
OR
Enter
OR
I0
I1
O0
© 2026 Daniil Khanin · khanin.info · HT-05
9
XOR
15
IN
2×
OUT
1×
OR
1×
NAND
1×
AND
1×
9×
I0
I1
O0
OR
I0
I0
I1
I1
O0
o
NAND
I0
I0
I1
I1
O0
n
AND
I0
o
I1
n
O0
O0
16
Ctrl
+
G
Library
…
Chip N
2×
Library
…
XOR
Enter
XOR
I0
I1
O0
© 2026 Daniil Khanin · khanin.info · HT-05
10
← Back to the lesson
Lesson 0. Gates from transistors: for those who start from scratch