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A Watch and a Game from Gates
RU
EN
ES
Contents
Before you start
A little history: handheld LCD games
Chapter 1. The watch
Lesson 0. Logic: 0 and 1, gates from transistors, an adder
0.1. The simulator
0.2. Boolean algebra: 0, 1 and three operations
0.3. A transistor is a switch
0.4. NOT, NAND, NOR from transistors
0.5. Adding one digit
0.6. A 4-bit adder
0.7. The canvas and the check
Lesson 0 as a paste (Cmd+I)
Lesson 1. BCD → 7-segment decoder
0. What you need to know
1. The screen
2. Inputs
3. Method: truth table → formula
4. Truth table
5. Deriving each segment
6. Assembly
7. Even cheaper (for later)
8. The whole lesson as one paste (Cmd+I)
Lesson 2. Memory and a 0…9 counter
2.1. SR latch — memory for 1 bit
2.2. D latch — no forbidden combination
2.3. D flip-flop — remember in one instant
2.4. The 0…9 counter
2.5. The machine: counter → decoder → LCD
Lesson 2 as a paste (Cmd+I) — on top of lesson 1
Lesson 3. Seconds 00…59: two digits and a carry
3.1. How to link two digits — and why not "in a chain"
3.2. The MUX2 multiplexer: "choose one of two"
3.3. Chip CNT10E = CNT10 + EN
3.4. Tens of seconds: 0…5 on the same CNT10E
3.5. The second digit on the LCD
3.6. Check
Lesson 3 as a paste (Cmd+I) — on top of lessons 1 and 2
Lesson 4. An HH:MM watch made of blocks
4.1. Why HH:MM and not six digits
4.2. The CNT60 block — from scratch, on labels
4.3. The CNT24 block — hours 00…23
4.4. The LCD: two more digits and a colon
4.5. The canvas: a watch from three blocks
4.6. Check
Lesson 4 as a paste (Cmd+I) — on top of lessons 1–3
Lesson 5. Setting the time
5.1. The idea
5.2. Assembly (on top of the lesson-4 canvas)
5.3. Check
Lesson 6. Real time, SET mode and "one press = +1"
6.1. An honest generator: 1Hz, 2Hz, 10Hz, 60Hz
6.2. Why one generator for the whole watch (not "a separate one for the buttons")
6.3. The ÷10 divider — where "a second has passed" comes from
6.4. The colon: on half a second, off half a second
6.5. SET mode
6.6. Chip EDGE: one press = exactly +1
6.7. Assembly (on top of the lesson-5 canvas)
6.8. Check
Pasting the EDGE chip (Cmd+I)
Chapter 1 summary
Chapter 2. The game
Before chapter 2
Lesson 7. The game screen and a 60Hz clock
7.1. New in the LCD editor
7.2. The screen picture
7.3. Marking: 83 pins
7.4. A 60Hz clock
7.5. Check
Paste (Cmd+I) — only the new clock elements
Lesson 8. The astronaut's pose: 4 buttons → a register → body and arm
8.1. A pose = 2 bits
8.2. The encoder: which button is pressed
8.3. The register: pressed — stored, released — held
8.4. The decoder: which arm
8.5. Building the POSE chip
8.6. On the canvas
8.7. Check
Lesson 8 as a paste (Cmd+I)
Lesson 9. Pipes: the crystals roll
9.1. A pipe = a shift register
9.2. The game step and taking turns
9.3. Appearing: where randomness comes from in a circuit
9.4. Check
Lesson 9 as a paste (Cmd+I)
Lesson 10. Catching and missing
10.1. The judge
10.2. Score 000…999
10.3. Misses and the "flown away" crystal
10.4. Check
Lesson 10 as a paste (Cmd+I)
Lesson 11. Waiting for START, the game, game over
11.1. Three states — one flip-flop
11.2. START is a game reset
11.3. The GAME chip
11.4. Check
Lesson 11 as a paste (Cmd+I)
Lesson 12. Speed: the more points, the faster
12.1. How to make a divider "by P"
12.2. The SPEED chip
12.3. Check
Lesson 12 as a paste (Cmd+I)
Lesson 13. The comet
13.1. When it comes
13.2. How long it is visible
13.3. Two points
13.4. The COMET chip
13.5. Check
Lesson 13 as a paste (Cmd+I)
Lesson 14. Sound
14.1. The buzzer
14.2. A beep of 5 clocks
14.3. A "boo" on a miss
14.4. On the canvas
14.5. Check
Chapter 2 is built
Lesson 14 as a paste (Cmd+I)
Chapter 2 summary
All the parts
Instructions in pictures
Something doesn't work
Lesson 0 in pictures
← Back to the lesson: Lesson 0. Logic: 0 and 1, gates from transistors, an adder
0
Gates and an adder
transistor → NOT, NAND, NOR → AND, OR, XOR → a 4-bit adder
kh
GW-01
4b
3
A
+
4b
4
B
=
8b
7
S
N
P
IN
22×
OUT
13×
P
5×
N
5×
VCC
1×
GND
1×
0
10×
6×
4b
0
A
3×
∞
Ctrl
+
G
NOT
NAND
NOR
AND
OR
XOR
FA
ADD4
© 2026 Daniil Khanin · khanin.info · GW-01
4
NOT
1
IN
1×
OUT
1×
P
1×
N
1×
6×
A
Y
VCC
Y
G
P
A
Y
GND
G
N
A
2
Ctrl
+
G
Library
…
Chip N
2×
Library
…
NOT
Enter
NOT
A
Y
© 2026 Daniil Khanin · khanin.info · GW-01
5
NAND
3
IN
2×
OUT
1×
P
2×
N
1×
9×
A
B
Y
VCC
Y
G
P
A
VCC
Y
G
P
B
Y
mid
G
N
A
4
N
1×
3×
mid
GND
G
N
B
5
Ctrl
+
G
Library
…
Chip N
2×
Library
…
NAND
Enter
NAND
A
B
Y
© 2026 Daniil Khanin · khanin.info · GW-01
6
NOR
6
IN
2×
OUT
1×
P
2×
N
1×
9×
A
B
Y
VCC
mid
G
P
A
mid
Y
G
P
B
Y
GND
G
N
A
7
N
1×
3×
Y
GND
G
N
B
8
Ctrl
+
G
Library
…
Chip N
2×
Library
…
NOR
Enter
NOR
A
B
Y
© 2026 Daniil Khanin · khanin.info · GW-01
7
AND
9
IN
2×
OUT
1×
NAND
1×
NOT
1×
5×
A
B
Y
NAND
A
A
B
B
Y
n
NOT
A
n
Y
Y
10
Ctrl
+
G
Library
…
Chip N
2×
Library
…
AND
Enter
AND
A
B
Y
© 2026 Daniil Khanin · khanin.info · GW-01
8
OR
11
IN
2×
OUT
1×
NOR
1×
NOT
1×
5×
A
B
Y
NOR
A
A
B
B
Y
n
NOT
A
n
Y
Y
12
Ctrl
+
G
Library
…
Chip N
2×
Library
…
OR
Enter
OR
A
B
Y
© 2026 Daniil Khanin · khanin.info · GW-01
9
XOR
13
IN
2×
OUT
1×
OR
1×
NAND
1×
AND
1×
9×
A
B
Y
OR
A
A
B
B
Y
o
NAND
A
A
B
B
Y
n
AND
A
o
B
n
Y
Y
14
Ctrl
+
G
Library
…
Chip N
2×
Library
…
XOR
Enter
XOR
A
B
Y
© 2026 Daniil Khanin · khanin.info · GW-01
10
FA
15
IN
3×
OUT
2×
XOR
2×
AND
1×
9×
A
B
CI
S
CO
XOR
A
A
B
B
Y
p
XOR
A
p
B
CI
Y
S
AND
A
A
B
B
Y
g
16
AND
1×
OR
1×
6×
AND
A
p
B
CI
Y
pc
OR
A
g
B
pc
Y
CO
17
Ctrl
+
G
Library
…
Chip N
2×
Library
…
FA
Enter
FA
A
B
CI
S
CO
© 2026 Daniil Khanin · khanin.info · GW-01
11
ADD4
18
IN
8×
OUT
5×
A0
A1
A2
A3
B0
B1
B2
B3
S0
S1
S2
S3
S4
19
FA
3×
15×
FA
A
A0
B
B0
CI
GND
S
S0
CO
c1
FA
A
A1
B
B1
CI
c1
S
S1
CO
c2
FA
A
A2
B
B2
CI
c2
S
S2
CO
c3
20
FA
1×
5×
FA
A
A3
B
B3
CI
c3
S
S3
CO
S4
21
Ctrl
+
G
Library
…
Chip N
2×
Library
…
ADD4
Enter
ADD4
A0
A1
A2
A3
B0
B1
B2
B3
S0
S1
S2
S3
S4
© 2026 Daniil Khanin · khanin.info · GW-01
12
CANVAS
22
VCC
1×
GND
1×
0
2×
4×
VCC
VCC
GND
GND
0
X
0
Y
23
NOT
1×
NAND
1×
NOR
1×
8×
NOT
A
X
Y
notX
NAND
A
X
B
Y
Y
nandXY
NOR
A
X
B
Y
Y
norXY
24
AND
1×
OR
1×
XOR
1×
9×
AND
A
X
B
Y
Y
andXY
OR
A
X
B
Y
Y
orXY
XOR
A
X
B
Y
Y
xorXY
© 2026 Daniil Khanin · khanin.info · GW-01
13
CANVAS …
25
5×
5×
notX
nandXY
norXY
andXY
orXY
26
1×
0
4×
5×
xorXY
0
A0
0
A1
0
A2
0
A3
27
0
4×
4×
0
B0
0
B1
0
B2
0
B3
28
ADD4
1×
13×
ADD4
A0
A0
A1
A1
A2
A2
A3
A3
B0
B0
B1
B1
B2
B2
B3
B3
S0
S0
S1
S1
S2
S2
S3
S3
S4
S4
© 2026 Daniil Khanin · khanin.info · GW-01
14
CANVAS …
29
4b
0
A
3×
4b
0
A
4b
0
B
8b
0
S
30
4b
0
A
⚙
4b
8b
16b
32b
PIN
A
B
S
Enter
X = 1, Y = 0
NOT
NAND
NOR
AND
OR
XOR
4b
3
A
+
4b
4
B
=
8b
7
S
8b
7
S
© 2026 Daniil Khanin · khanin.info · GW-01
15
← Back to the lesson
Lesson 0. Logic: 0 and 1, gates from transistors, an adder